Method of joining materials.



0. F. HEINKEL.

Patented Mar. 17, 1914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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G. P. HEINKEL. METHOD OF JOINING MATERIALS.

APPLIOATION FILED MAR. 22, 1910.

Patented Mar. 17, 1914.

2 SHEETS-$11331 2.

* Mae/#0 ,W/7/7eo'wea Wait 2M UNITED STATES PATENT onr'ron.

CHRISTIAN r. HEINKEL, orcLEvE-n ND, OHIO.

METHOD or JOINING MATERIALS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

' Patented Mar. 17,191d1 Application filed March 22, 1910. Serial No. 550,953.

To all whom it maycoacern I Be it known" that I, CHRISTIAN F. HEIN- KEL, a cltizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Ouyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented a new and useful Method of Joining Materials, of'which' the following is a specification My invention relates to a-method of joining materials bymeans of forming one of said materials and'castingthe other of said materials thereto. I The object of my invention is the eiiicient production of a better joint than heretofore and to improve and cheapen production.- I attain this object by the method sutficiently illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described hereinafter and particularly set forthin the claim. a

he principal feature of my invention is to provide-beveled or inclined faces on the part or parts which are to be united or joined to a casting; these beveled or inclined faces being so arranged to force these parts down upon their seats while the cast material is shrinking and subsequently to keep these parts-down upon their seats after the casting has cooled, which is due to internal I strains in the casting and well known in the art.

In the said accompanying drawings: FigureI is-anend-view ofa milling-cutter or reamer; Fig.II is a side-view of Fig. I, part-1y broken away on line w-w of .Fig. I to show the seats of the cutters; Fig. III is a section, on asmaller scale, through a mold before pouring the casting,but having the cutters inserted into placepandi Fig. IV' is a section, also on a smaller scale ,'through. a

mold before' pouring the casting, but havingthe cutters and a chill inserted into place, Similar numerals ,refer to" similar parts throughout the several views.

The reamer or milling-cutter shown in the drawings consists of body 1 and of cutters 2.

In carrying out my invention in its most simple form, I prefer to construct a mold 9' which conforms tothe general contour of the body 1 and isprovidedwith core-prints 10 which are adapted to receive the cutters 2. Mold 9 may beconstructed either in sand as shown in Figs. III and IV and by means of a suitable pattern, or of'metal, both methods of constructing a mold being well known in the art. I then form the cutters2 of suitable material. That portion of'cutters 2 which projects outside ofthe body 1- after casting beihg adapted to enter said core-prints 10, and that portion of cutters 2 which'is to be surrounded by the body ma terial having inclined or beveled faces 4, 5, and-6. F aces 4 are beveled,longitudinally and radially, so that the faces 6 are wider faces v5 are wider than the outside or circumferential faces of said cutters, and the faces 6 are beveled so that the faces 5 are longer than the outside or circumferential faces. It will be seen that the heavier or thickerportion of cutters 2 is directed toward the main portion of body 1, whereas the lighter or thinner portion is directed outward. It will further be seen that adiathan the front faces of the cutters 2, and the 1 cent faces of that portion of cutters 2 which 1s to be'surrounded by the body-material.

form acute angles. The purpose of thus arranging the faces will appear hereinafter. The cutters 2 are then hardened and placed into the core-prints 10,- similar to the cores in the usual casting mold. The molten bodymaterial is then poured into the mold 9. The casting must, in this instance, be"removed from the mold 9 and cooled as soon as it has sufiiciently set and before the heat radiated by the molten, body-material anneals or otherwise detrimentally attacks the cutters 2; Said cooling may be accomplished either by an air-blast, or an oil-bath, or a water-bath, or any other cooling-means adapted to the materlal composing the cutters 2. The tool is then finished in the usual manner. 7 These steps constitute a simple method of producing the cutting-tool. Finishing of the tool, as .set forth in the last step, does not properly pertain to joining the materials and is therefore omitted in the annexed claim. I 7

Although the steps hereinbefore set forth sive heat from the cutters ,2, but the projections 7 and 8 should be sufficiently strong to form a suitable'backing for the cutters 2.-

Said body-portion may also be, conveniently,

are sufficient for, or adapted to certain cases, I

proportioned by enlarging or diminishing the size of the core 14. Projections 7 are provided to form a backing or abutment for the cutters 2 on the circumferential face of the tool as well as to form the usual chipgrooves 12 on said face. The projections 8 are provided to form a backing or abutment for the cutters 2 on the end face of the tool as well as to form the usual chip-grooves 13 on said face. Said proportioning of the projections 7 and 8 and said body-portion is best accomplished by suitably constructing or arranging the mold 9 which is well known in the art. When, however, such proportioning of the projections 7 and 8 and said body-portion is not sufficient to prevent detrimental attack upon the cutters 2, such as annealing for instance, or when the projections 7 and 8 become too light or weak by such proportioning, one or more chills should be placed in the mold 9. One such chill 11 is shown in Fig. IV of the drawings and it will be seen that the outer or circumferential portion of the cutters 2 projects into core-prints which are provided in the chill 11, while the face or end portions of the.

cutters 2 enter the aforesaid core-prints in the mold 9 which is not definitely shown in the drawing but is well known in the art. Said chill diverts some of the heat from the cutters 2 and acts as an additional safe-' guard to prevent said detrimental attacks. In such a case, the mold 9 should be constructed or arranged to accommodate the chill 11, as seen in Fig. IV for instance.

If thecutters 2 are placed in the mold when annealed or soft, or if they get annealed while casting, they must be hardened after cast-ing, which may be done in the usual manner with either carbon steel or with high-speed steel when the body 1 is cast of material which is capable of withstanding the necessary temperature. The average high-speed steel requires about 2200 to 2el00 degrees Fahr. for proper hardening. If the cutters 2 are made of high-speed steel, and the body-material melts at or below that temperature, the cutters-2 may become loose while being hardened after casting the body 1. In such a case the cutters 2 must be hardened before being placed into 7 the mold 9 and any or all of the hereinbefore described safeguards may be employed to prevent any detrimental attack upon the cutters 2.

\Vhile casting body 1 oxidation may take place between the cutters 2 and the body 1;

to prevent this I apply an agent to the cuttors 2 before placing them into the mold;

such an agent may be a coat of tin, or bluevitriol, or pure red-lead, or any other suitable substance.

The cost of production of these tools may, in some cases. be materially reduced by placing the cutters 2 into the mold 9 before said cutters are hardened and by hardening them long to allow the cutters 2 to absorb sufli-- cient heat from the molten body-material for proper hardening thereof. I then remove the tool from the mold 9 and subject itto a cooling-means, such as an air blast,

or an oil or water-bath or other suitable. cool1ng-means whereby the cutters 2 area j hardened, thus hardening the cutters 2 by means of the heat radiated by the castingmaterial and eliminating the expense of heati g the cutters for hardening.

It Willbe seen that the faces of the cutters 2 are arranged at an angle with eachother or inclined, as previously stated, and it is desirable .that'at least two-such faces are so arranged and, preferably, substantially at-rightangles with each other. When so arranged, the cutters 2 will be forced upon two seats and in two angularly disposed directions while the body-material is shrinking thereon. For instance, referring to the drawing, when the casting-material shrinks upon the faces 4 of the cutters 2,

the faces 5 and- 6 will be forced upon their seats, radially inward and longitudinally backward, and in two angularly disposed directions. The forcing of the'cutters 2 as stated is occasioned by the cooling of the molten body-material. It is well known in the art that molten material shrinks while cooling and this p'roperty is made use of in this invention. -When first, pouring the -molten material into the mold said molten material fills said mold and surrounds the cutters 2 except at the core-prints 10; when this molten material cools, it shrinks where it is allowed to do so, but the cutters 2, be- 1 ing a solid mass, do not allow the said cooling mass to shrink, and consequently the said cooling mass, being prevented from shrinking by the solid mass of the cutters 2, will hug or pinch or close upon the said solid mass and hold it with considerable pressure even if the faces of the cutters 2 were parallel, but cutters with such parallel faces will soon work loose, due probably to the internal strains being released in time or by the vibrations set up in the tool while in operation. It has been found that when the faces of the cutters 2 are inclined as hereinbefore set forth, a much. better joint is obtained since the cutters 2 are held upon two seats and in two different directions, one direction radially inward and the other longitudinally backward. As has been stated, the molten material shrinks upon the cutters 2 and hugs or pinches them. It will be seen that the said inclined faces form wedges or act like wedges and it is well known in the art that a wedge will tend to move endwise or'away from pressurewhen a load is applied upon its inclined or wedge face. In this invention, the shrinking mass sur rounds these inclined faces or wedges and puts" a pressure thereon while cooli These wedges tend to move away from sai 1 pressure and, in doing so,- will force themselves upon their respective seats as hereinbefore set forth.

It will be seen that, with this invention, a better joint than heretofore is eificiently produoed, and that the cost of production is reduced. For instance: In the milling-cutter or reamer shown, the cutters may be made.

of high-s eed steel and the body of steel casting, t us cheapening production since the cost of such a tool, if made of high-speed steel throughout would be much higher than when made as shown, not only as to cost of material, but also as to labor required to finish the tool, since the cast body may be cast to" the required form so that very little finishing is required on the body, whereas with a tool made of high speed steel throughout much more labor would be required-ion finishing the same.

Tools with a body castto cutters have been Lnade, I therefore do not claim that broadly, ut

I do claim:

y The method of forming a composite casting consisting in spacing inamold and at the periphery thereof a series of hardened inserts having wedge-shaped'sections in two planes substantially at right angles to each other, positioning them to present their bases toward the interior of the casting-to firmly seat them in the surrounding metal, pro ortiming the space filled by the surroun ing metal to confine its bulk and limit its heating effect upon the inserts, casting a softer metal around the inserts and cooling the GHRISTIAN F. HEINKEL. 

